This chapter focuses on the complexities, challenges, and opportunities in the world of energy consumption and production within the European Union. Renewable energy will play a pivotal role in the decarbonization of energy systems in the coming decades: the EU recognizes the existential threat posed by climate change and environmental degradation. To combat this, it aims to become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. The European Green Deal sets ambitious targets for economic growth decoupled from resource use and no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050.
Regarding the first question, as you can see in the chart below, global energy consumption has skyrocketed especially since the 1950s. We see that global energy consumption has increased nearly every year for more than half a century. The exceptions to this are in the early 1980s, and 2009 following the financial crises and 2020 in relation to the COVID 19 pandemic. LINK
How much energy does each of us consume? On the following map you can see the energy use per person in 2021. As you can see, and generally speaking, economically more developed countries have a higher energy use per person. This means that there is a correlation between GDP per capita and energy consumption. Accordingly, as countries develop economically, energy consumption per person increases. LINK
And in the EU? Now, let's have a closer look at the Energy Consumption within the European Union. Again, you can see a correlation between GDP and Energy Consumption. Nevertheless, you can also see that there are other factors that impact the statistics, as the North-South difference might insinuate: Climate and energy consumption are closely related: Climate impacts the amount of energy we consume; the amount of energy we consume has an impact on climate change. LINK
“Final Energy consumption” Final energy consumption in the EU in 2020 amounted to 37 086 PJ, 5.6% less than in 2019. Final energy consumption is the total energy consumed by end users, such as households, industry and agriculture. It was slowly increasing from 1994 until it reached its highest value of 41.445 Mtoe (Millions of tonnes of oil equivalent) in 2006. By 2020 final energy consumption decreased from its peak level by 10.5%.